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Items for "softwood"

Vapor-phase diethyl oxalate pretreatment of wood chips: Part 2. Release of hemicellulosic carbohydrates

Wood chips of pine, spruce, aspen, and maple were treated at 135–140°C with diethyl oxalate (DEO) and analyzed for extractable and residual carbohydrates...

Keywords: biorefining, ester, hardwood, hemicelluloses, oxalic acid, Oxalate, softwood

05/2007 | Holzforschung, Walter de Gruyter

Micromechanical modeling of solid-type and plate-type deformation patterns within softwood materials. A review and an improved approach

Wood exhibits a highly diverse microstructure. It appears as a solid-type composite material at a length scale of some micrometers, while it resembles an assembly of plate-like elements arranged in a honeycomb fashion at the length scale of some hundreds of micrometers...

Keywords: cell wall, cellular structure, chemical composition, composite material, continuum micromechanics, elasticity, microstructure, multi-scale model, periodic homogenization, random homogenization, softwood, unit cell method

06/2007 | Holzforschung, Walter de Gruyter

Voltammetric analysis of the bleachability of softwood kraft pulps

Kraft and oxygen delignified pulps with various kappa numbers were prepared from black spruce and western hemlock chips...

Keywords: bleachability, ECF bleaching, electrochemical analysis, kappa number, kraft pulp, lignin, reactivity, Redox potential, softwood, Voltammetry

10/2004 | Holzforschung, Walter de Gruyter

Erythro/threo ratio of ?-O-4-5 structures as an important structural characteristic of lignin. Part 4: Variation in the erythro/threo ratio in softwood and hardwood lignins and its relati

The proportion of erythro- and threo-forms of ?-O-4-structures in lignin was elucidated by ozonation analysis of 21 wood species, and the relationship to the syringyl and guaiacyl composition was investigated...

Keywords: ?-O-4 structure, erythro/threo ratio, hardwood, Klason lignin, lignin, methoxyl, nitrobenzene oxidation, ozonation, softwood, stereochemistry, syringyl/guaiacyl ratio

05/2005 | Holzforschung, Walter de Gruyter

Characterization of thin water layers in pulp by tritium exchange. Part 1: Methods development

A new technique for measuring the monolayer water content of fiber is presented. Tritiated water is added to a pulp/water suspension, whereupon the tritium partitions between the bulk water and the pulp...

Keywords: bound water, fiber, free water, hardwood, Hydrogen bond, Isotope exchange, softwood, surface area, Tritium

03/2007 | Holzforschung, Walter de Gruyter

Effect of stress levels on compressive low-cycle fatigue behaviour of softwood

Low-cycle fatigue (LCF) of spruce under parallel-to-grain compression was investigated to simulate the damage that occurs during extreme events such as hurricanes...

Keywords: compression, creep, cyclic creep strain, low-cycle fatigue, Model, parallel to grain, residual cyclic modulus, softwood

11/2005 | Holzforschung, Walter de Gruyter

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