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Items for "four-dimensional ultrasound"

The potential of four-dimensional (4D) ultrasonography in the assessment of fetal awareness

Aim: The aim of the study was to observe different expressions and movements of a fetal face during investigation of fetal behavior in the second and the third trimester of normal pregnancies, as a probable manifestation of fetal awareness.

Subjects and methods: Over a 6-month period a study was conducted in three centers in Zagreb, Croatia and in Barcelona and Malaga, Spain...

Keywords: Facial expression, fetal awareness, fetal behavior, four-dimensional ultrasound

01/2005 | Journal of Perinatal Medicine, Walter de Gruyter

The assessment of fetal behavior in early pregnancy: comparison between 2D and 4D sonographic scanning

Aim: To determine the accuracy of 4D sonography in the assessment of embryonic and early fetal motor activity in the first trimester of normal pregnancy, in comparison to the 2D sonography.

Methods: Fifty pregnant women between 6–14 weeks of gestation with singleton pregnancy were assigned for the investigation...

Keywords: Fetal movements, four-dimensional ultrasound, motor behavior, motor development, normal pregnacy, two-dimensional ultrasound

10/2005 | Journal of Perinatal Medicine, Walter de Gruyter

Normal standards for fetal neurobehavioral developments – longitudinal quantification by four-dimensional sonography

Aim: To construct normal standards for fetal neurobehavioral development using longitudinal observations through all trimesters by four-dimensional sonography.

Subject and methods: A group of 100 healthy normal singleton pregnancies were recruited for longitudinal 4D US examinations to evaluate fetal neurodevelopmental parameters between 7 to 40 weeks' gestation...

Keywords: fetal behavior, Fetal movements, fetal neurological development, four-dimensional ultrasound

02/2006 | Journal of Perinatal Medicine, Walter de Gruyter

Neurosonography in the second half of fetal life: a neonatologist's point of view

This article reviews the interpretation of the fetal motor repertoire in the light of neurophysiology and clinical neurology...

Keywords: Cerebral function, four-dimensional ultrasound, neurological assessment, prenatal

12/2006 | Journal of Perinatal Medicine, Walter de Gruyter

The assessment of fetal behavior of growth restricted fetuses by 4D sonography

Aim: To find out whether the quantity of fetal facial expression and quality of body movements can be used as an additional diagnostic criterion for prenatal brain impairment in fetuses with growth restriction.

Subject and methods: A prospective study was conducted in 50 uncomplicated healthy women as control group with reliably dated pregnancies and 50 pregnant women with a growth restriced fetus as study group in the third trimester of pregnancy...

Keywords: fetal behavior, four-dimensional ultrasound, growth restriction

12/2006 | Journal of Perinatal Medicine, Walter de Gruyter

How useful is 3D and 4D ultrasound in perinatal medicine?

Aim: The purpose of this paper is to review and analyze the published literature on the use of three-dimensional (3DUS) and four-dimensional (4DUS) ultrasound in perinatal medicine.

Methods: We systematically searched Medline through PubMED (January 2000–January 2006), including EMBASE/Excerpta Medica database as well as the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews...

Keywords: Clinical application, four-dimensional ultrasound, obstetric ultrasound, three-dimensional ultrasound

02/2007 | Journal of Perinatal Medicine, Walter de Gruyter

New scoring system for fetal neurobehavior assessed by three- and four-dimensional sonography

Aim: To produce a new scoring system for fetal neurobehavior based on prenatal assessment by 3D/4D sonography...

Keywords: Cerebral function, fetal neurological assessment, four-dimensional ultrasound, prenatal neurobehavior, scoring system

01/2008 | Journal of Perinatal Medicine, Walter de Gruyter

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