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Boris Hinz, Giulio Gabbiani
Cell-matrix and cell-cell contacts of myofibroblasts: role in connective tissue remodeling
It is presently accepted that fibroblast/myofibroblast modulation represents a crucial step in granulation tissue contraction and in the production of the connective tissue deformations typical of fibrocontractive diseases. In addition to synthesizing extracellular matrix (ECM) components, myofibroblasts can develop tensile force through the neoformation of -smooth muscle actin (-SMA) containing cytoplasmic stress fibers. Tension has been shown to be a crucial regulator of connective tissue remodeling. In order to coordinate tension distribution within connective tissue, cell-matrix and cell-cell contacts appear essential. This review addresses the formation, molecular structure and function of such structures that are characterized by their association with intracytoplasmic actin filaments. Actin associated cell-matrix adhesions appear to provide the interface between ECM components and intracellular stress fibers, thus contributing to the transmission of force to the substrate and to the detection of stress level in the matrix. Cell-cell adherens junctions appear to synchronize myofibroblast contractile activity. Further studies investigating the functions of these structures will be important for the understanding of the mechanisms of granulation tissue evolution and for the planification of strategies in view of influencing connective tissue deformations.
Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Schattauer
Print ISSN: 0340-6245
Volume: 90, 12/2003
Pages: 993 - 1002